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365 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
365 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
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# d2vm (Docker to Virtual Machine)
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[](https://golang.org/)
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[](https://pkg.go.dev/go.linka.cloud/d2vm)
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[](https://matrix.to/#/#d2vm:linka.cloud)
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*Build virtual machine image from Docker images*
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The project is heavily inspired by the [article](https://iximiuz.com/en/posts/from-docker-container-to-bootable-linux-disk-image/) and the work done by [iximiuz](https://github.com/iximiuz) on [docker-to-linux](https://github.com/iximiuz/docker-to-linux).
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Many thanks to him.
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**Status**: *alpha*
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[](https://asciinema.org/a/520132)
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## Supported Environments:
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**Only building Linux Virtual Machine images is supported.**
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Starting from v0.1.0, **d2vm** automatically run build and convert commands inside Docker when not running on linux
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or when running without *root* privileges.
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*Note: windows should be working, but is totally untested.*
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## Supported VM Linux distributions:
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Working and tested:
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- [x] Ubuntu (18.04+)
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- [x] Debian (stretch+)
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- [x] Alpine
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- [x] CentOS (8+)
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Unsupported:
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- [ ] RHEL
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The program uses the `/etc/os-release` file to discover the Linux distribution and install the Kernel,
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if the file is missing, the build cannot succeed.
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Obviously, **Distroless** images are not supported.
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## Prerequisites
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### osx
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- [Docker](https://docs.docker.com/get-docker/)
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- [QEMU](https://www.qemu.org/download/#macos) (optional)
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- [VirtualBox](https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads) (optional)
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### Linux
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- [Docker](https://docs.docker.com/get-docker/)
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- util-linux
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- udev
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- parted
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- e2fsprogs
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- mount
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- tar
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- extlinux
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- qemu-utils
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- [QEMU](https://www.qemu.org/download/#linux) (optional)
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- [VirtualBox](https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Linux_Downloads) (optional)
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## Getting started
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### Install
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#### With Docker
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*Note: this will only work if both the source context (and Dockerfile) and the output directory are somewhere inside
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the directory where you run the command.*
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```bash
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docker pull linkacloud/d2vm:latest
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alias d2vm="docker run --rm -it -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock --privileged -v \$PWD:/d2vm -w /d2vm linkacloud/d2vm:latest"
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```
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```bash
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wich d2vm
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d2vm: aliased to docker run --rm -it -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock --privileged -v $PWD:/d2vm -w /d2vm linkacloud/d2vm:latest
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```
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#### With Homebrew
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```bash
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brew install linka-cloud/tap/d2vm
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```
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#### From release
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Download the latest release for your platform from the [release page](https://github.com/linka-cloud/d2vm/releases/latest).
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Extract the tarball, then move the extracted *d2vm* binary to somewhere in your `$PATH` (`/usr/local/bin` for most users).
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```bash
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VERSION=$(git ls-remote --tags https://github.com/linka-cloud/d2vm |cut -d'/' -f 3|tail -n 1)
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OS=$(uname -s | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]')
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ARCH=$([ "$(uname -m)" = "x86_64" ] && echo "amd64" || echo "arm64")
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curl -sL "https://github.com/linka-cloud/d2vm/releases/download/${VERSION}/d2vm_${VERSION}_${OS}_${ARCH}.tar.gz" | tar -xvz d2vm
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sudo mv d2vm /usr/local/bin/
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```
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#### From source
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Clone the git repository:
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```bash
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git clone https://github.com/linka-cloud/d2vm && cd d2vm
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```
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Install using the *make*, *docker* and the Go tool chain:
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```bash
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make install
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```
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The *d2vm* binary is installed in the `$GOBIN` directory.
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```bash
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which d2vm
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/go/bin/d2vm
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```
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### Generate shell completion
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The *d2vm* program supports shell completion for *bash*, *zsh* and *fish*.
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It can be enabled by running the following command:
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```bash
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source <(d2vm completion $(basename $SHELL))
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```
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Or you can install the completion file in the shell completion directory by following the instructions:
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```bash
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d2vm completion $(basename $SHELL) --help
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```
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### Converting an existing Docker Image to VM image:
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```bash
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d2vm convert --help
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```
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```
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Convert Docker image to vm image
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Usage:
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d2vm convert [docker image] [flags]
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Flags:
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--append-to-cmdline string Extra kernel cmdline arguments to append to the generated one
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--boot-size uint Size of the boot partition in MB (default 100)
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--force Override output qcow2 image
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-h, --help help for convert
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--network-manager string Network manager to use for the image: none, netplan, ifupdown
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-o, --output string The output image, the extension determine the image format, raw will be used if none. Supported formats: qcow2 qed raw vdi vhd vmdk (default "disk0.qcow2")
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-p, --password string Optional root user password
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--pull Always pull docker image
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--push Push the container disk image to the registry
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--raw Just convert the container to virtual machine image without installing anything more
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-s, --size string The output image size (default "10G")
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--split-boot Split the boot partition from the root partition
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-t, --tag string Container disk Docker image tag
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Global Flags:
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--time string Enable formated timed output, valide formats: 'relative (rel | r)', 'full (f)' (default "none")
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-v, --verbose Enable Verbose output
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```
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Create an image based on the **ubuntu** official image:
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```bash
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sudo d2vm convert ubuntu -o ubuntu.qcow2 -p MyP4Ssw0rd
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```
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```
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Pulling image ubuntu
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Inspecting image ubuntu
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No network manager specified, using distribution defaults: netplan
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Docker image based on Ubuntu 22.04.1 LTS (Jammy Jellyfish)
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Building kernel enabled image
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Creating vm image
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Creating raw image
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Mounting raw image
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Creating raw image file system
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Copying rootfs to raw image
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Setting up rootfs
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Installing linux kernel
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Unmounting raw image
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Writing MBR
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Converting to qcow2
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```
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You can now run your ubuntu image using the created `ubuntu.qcow2` image with **qemu**:
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```bash
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d2vm run qemu ubuntu.qcow2
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```
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```
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SeaBIOS (version 1.13.0-1ubuntu1.1)
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iPXE (http://ipxe.org) 00:03.0 CA00 PCI2.10 PnP PMM+BFF8C920+BFECC920 CA00
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Booting from Hard Disk...
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SYSLINUX 6.04 EDD 20191223 Copyright (C) 1994-2015 H. Peter Anvin et al
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Now booting the kernel from SYSLINUX...
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Loading /boot/vmlinuz... ok
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Loading /boot/initrd.img...ok
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[ 0.000000] Linux version 5.4.0-109-generic (buildd@ubuntu) (gcc version 9)
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[ 0.000000] Command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz ro root=UUID=b117d206-b8
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[ 0.000000] KERNEL supported cpus:
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[ 0.000000] Intel GenuineIntel
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[ 0.000000] AMD AuthenticAMD
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[ 0.000000] Hygon HygonGenuine
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[ 0.000000] Centaur CentaurHauls
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[ 0.000000] zhaoxin Shanghai
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...
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Welcome to Ubuntu 20.04.4 LTS!
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[ 3.610631] systemd[1]: Set hostname to <localhost>.
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[ 3.838984] systemd[1]: Created slice system-getty.slice.
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[ OK ] Created slice system-getty.slice.
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[ 3.845038] systemd[1]: Created slice system-modprobe.slice.
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[ OK ] Created slice system-modprobe.slice.
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[ 3.852054] systemd[1]: Created slice system-serial\x2dgetty.slice.
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[ OK ] Created slice system-serial\x2dgetty.slice.
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...
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Ubuntu 20.04.4 LTS localhost ttyS0
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localhost login:
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```
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Log in using the *root* user and the password configured at build time.
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```
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localhost login: root
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Password:
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Welcome to Ubuntu 20.04.4 LTS (GNU/Linux 5.4.0-109-generic x86_64)
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* Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com
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* Management: https://landscape.canonical.com
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* Support: https://ubuntu.com/advantage
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This system has been minimized by removing packages and content that are
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not required on a system that users do not log into.
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To restore this content, you can run the 'unminimize' command.
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The programs included with the Ubuntu system are free software;
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the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the
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individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.
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Ubuntu comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by
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applicable law.
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root@localhost:~#
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```
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Type `poweroff` to shut down the vm.
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### Building a VM Image from a Dockerfile
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The example directory contains very minimalistic examples:
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```bash
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cd examples
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```
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*ubuntu.Dockerfile* :
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```dockerfile
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FROM ubuntu
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RUN apt update && apt install -y openssh-server && \
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echo "PermitRootLogin yes" >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config
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```
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Build the vm image:
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The *build* command take most of its flags and arguments from the *docker build* command.
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```bash
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d2vm build --help
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```
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```
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Build a vm image from Dockerfile
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Usage:
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d2vm build [context directory] [flags]
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Flags:
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--append-to-cmdline string Extra kernel cmdline arguments to append to the generated one
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--boot-size uint Size of the boot partition in MB (default 100)
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--build-arg stringArray Set build-time variables
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-f, --file string Name of the Dockerfile
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--force Override output qcow2 image
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-h, --help help for build
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--network-manager string Network manager to use for the image: none, netplan, ifupdown
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-o, --output string The output image, the extension determine the image format, raw will be used if none. Supported formats: qcow2 qed raw vdi vhd vmdk (default "disk0.qcow2")
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-p, --password string Optional root user password
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--push Push the container disk image to the registry
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--raw Just convert the container to virtual machine image without installing anything more
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-s, --size string The output image size (default "10G")
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--split-boot Split the boot partition from the root partition
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-t, --tag string Container disk Docker image tag
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Global Flags:
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--time string Enable formated timed output, valide formats: 'relative (rel | r)', 'full (f)' (default "none")
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-v, --verbose Enable Verbose output
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```
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```bash
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sudo d2vm build -p MyP4Ssw0rd -f ubuntu.Dockerfile -o ubuntu.qcow2 .
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```
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Or if you want to create a VirtualBox image:
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```bash
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sudo d2vm build -p MyP4Ssw0rd -f ubuntu.Dockerfile -o ubuntu.vdi .
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```
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### KubeVirt Container Disk Images
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Using the `--tag` flag with the `build` and `convert` commands, you can create a
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[Container Disk Image](https://kubevirt.io/user-guide/virtual_machines/disks_and_volumes/#containerdisk) for [KubeVirt](https://kubevirt.io/).
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The `--push` flag will push the image to the registry.
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### Complete example
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A complete example setting up a ZSH workstation is available in the [examples/full](examples/full/README.md) directory.
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### Internal Dockerfile templates
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You can find the Dockerfiles used to install the Kernel in the [templates](templates) directory.
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### TODO / Questions:
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- [ ] Create service from `ENTRYPOINT` `CMD` `WORKDIR` and `ENV` instructions ?
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- [ ] Inject Image `ENV` variables into `.bashrc` or other service environment file ?
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- [x] Use image layers to create *rootfs* instead of container ?
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### Acknowledgments
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The *run* commands are adapted from [linuxkit](https://github.com/docker/linuxkit).
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